In different phases of development, vegetation systems in this region have changed from pioneer herbage species initially recovering in abandoned cropping lands ( bothriochloa ischemum, artenmisia giradii and stipa bungeana, artenmisia sacrorum, spodiopogen sibiricus and sophora flavecens, themeda japonica, and arundinella anomala ) to secondary shrubs ( hippophae rhamnoides, sophora viciifdia, and ostryopsis davidiana ), early forest community ( populus davidiana, betula platyphylla and platycladus orientalis with arbors or shrub assembling ), and finally liaotungesis community as the mature forest . in this study, soil profiles ( 0-5, 5-15, 15-25, 25-35, 35-50 cm soil layers ) were selected from typical vegetation systems representing for vegetation successions in the region 该区北部目前还保存有空间上完整的植被正向演替系列,即弃耕地先锋群落草本群落(白羊草bothriochloaischemum、茭蒿artenmisiagiradii+长茅草stipabungeana、铁杆蒿artenmisiasacrorum、大油芒spodiopogensibiricus+苦参sophoraflavecens、黄菅草themedajaponica或野古草arundinellaanomala)灌丛群落(沙棘hippophaerhamnoides、狼牙刺sophoraviciifdia、虎榛子ostryopsisdavidiana)早期森林群落(乔灌群聚、山杨populusdavidiana、白桦betulaplatyphylla、侧柏platycladusorientalis、)辽东栎群落(quercusliaotungensis)。