Dark - centred undertail coverts = dark - sided flycatcher ( white in grey - streaked ) 暗色为中心的尾下覆羽=鲜卑? (乌? ) (灰斑?的是白色的)
First warbler yellow - browed , the dark bases to the secondaries and black - centred greater coverts leave few other options 第一只是黄眉柳莺,次级飞羽暗色的基部及以黑色为中心的大覆羽留下的选择很少
As you cannot see the rumps of any of these birds and the undertail coverts lack salmon tones i would be reluctant to call them lesser cuckoos 由于在图片中无法看到这几只鸟的腰部而且尾下覆羽不带橘红色味,个人对称?们为小杜鹃有所保留。
It is a very big generalization , and some species are exceptions , but generally first summer individuals can only be separated by retained juvenile remiges and rectrices or by moult limits in the greater coverts 这是一个很概括的看法,且某些鸟种是例外,但一般而言一龄夏羽个体只能以还留著的幼鸟飞羽和尾羽,或大覆羽的换羽界限来区分
Your 1 , 2 , 3 seem likely to be 1 . black - headed gull ( despite the misleading - looking leg colour , it has ear covert spot of one of the " hooded " gulls ) ; 2 . black - tailed gull first winter ; 3 . ? 你的1 , 2 , 3看起来像是1 .红嘴鸥(尽管有误导的脚部颜色,它有"带头巾的"鸥(译注:如棕头鸥,红嘴鸥,黑嘴鸥等)其中一种的耳部覆羽斑点) ; 2 .黑尾鸥一龄冬羽; 3 . ?
覆: cover羽: feather; plume a note of the ...大覆羽: greater coverts; tectrices majores上覆羽: upper wing coverts尾覆羽: tail coverts下覆羽: lower wing coverts; under covert; under wing coverts小覆羽: tectrices minores缘覆羽: tectrices marginales中覆羽: medium coverts; tectrices mediae被覆羽毛的: feathry初级覆羽: primary coverts次级大覆羽: greater secondary coverts次级覆羽: secondary coverts次级小覆羽: lesser secondary coverts次级中覆羽: medium secondary coverts尾上覆羽: upper tail coverts尾下覆羽: lower tall coverts; under tail coverts隐藏处覆羽: covert【动物;动物学】尾部覆羽。: tail covert覆缘齿: shrouded tooth覆雨剑: thuggery jian覆阅,复查: review覆雨翻云: produce clouds with one turn of the hand and rain with another; act in a self-contradictory manner; blow hot and cold; keep shifting like the clouds覆载: overloading覆雨翻 (): lethal weapons of love and passion覆载不容: intolerable to heaven and earth -- unusually wicked and evil