由: cause; reason造成: give rise to; bring about; c ...的: 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 i ...是(由)…造成的: result from由…所造成的: be occasioned by由…造成: arise from; originate develoor grow; result from是(由)…造成: result from造成的: built由……制成的: be made of由…组成的: consist of(=be composed of); consist of（=be composed of）由…引起或造成: result from冰川造成的: caused by glaciers沉林造成的: pelagochthonous环境造成的: environmental垃圾造成的: recrementitious碰撞造成的: bump vi侵蚀造成的: corrosional沈林造成的: pelagochthonous是…造成的: result from result from药物造成的: drug induced以管造成的: tubular由热造成的: thermal造成的衰落: fading造成的损害: damage done造成的损坏: damage done
