Bacterial or viral infection of the intestine may result in explosive watery diarrhea , tenesmus ( spasmodic contraction of anal sphincter with pain and persistent desire to defecate ) , and abdominal cramping pain 肠道被细菌或病毒感染,引起暴发性水泻、里急后重(肛门括约肌痉挛性收缩伴疼痛,一直想要排便)及腹部绞痛。
Due to the toxin ' s pharmacological effect of inhibiting acetylcholine release from presynaptic neuromuscular junctions , botulinum a toxin has been used for the treatment of spastic urethral sphincter as well as detrusor overactivity associated with both neurogenic and non - neurogenic etiologies 基于它在药理学上可以抑制神经肌肉接合前之乙醯胆硷之释放,肉毒杆菌毒素也被应用于神经性因或非神经性因之尿道外括约肌痉挛及逼尿肌活性过强。